Abstract
Aim/Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by pain and functional impairment, leading to significant healthcare challenges. Pharmacological management, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs), and corticosteroids, is commonly used. However, limited data exist on drug utilization patterns and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in OA treatment. This study aimed to evaluate these patterns and identify potential ADRs in patients with OA.
Methods: This prospective study included OA patients from diverse backgrounds. Baseline demographic data, disease severity, and treatment history were recorded. Drug utilization was monitored, focusing on NSAIDs, analgesics, DMOADs, corticosteroids, and alternative therapies. ADRs were identified through patient self-reports, clinician observations, and medical record reviews. Statistical analysis examined drug prescription trends, ADR frequency, severity, and associated risk factors.
Results: NSAIDs were the most frequently prescribed drugs (44.45%), followed by analgesics and DMOADs. Gastrointestinal discomfort was the most commonly reported ADR, particularly among NSAID users. Corticosteroids were linked to systemic side effects in a minority of patients. Advanced age, longer treatment duration, and existing gastrointestinal conditions were significant risk factors for ADRs.
Conclusion: The study underscores the widespread use of NSAIDs in OA treatment and highlights the need for careful monitoring due to potential ADRs, especially gastrointestinal issues. Identifying risk factors helps clinicians make informed prescribing decisions, improving patient outcomes and minimizing ADRs. Future research should focus on optimizing drug therapies to ensure better safety and efficacy in OA management.

Key words: Osteoarthritis, Drug utilization patterns ,Adverse drug reactions , Pharmacovigilance ,Management , Prospective study, Orthopedic care, Treatment outcomes, Pain management, Clinical practice